| Task force | Pico title |
|---|---|
| EIT-016A | "In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does existence and use of advanced directives (eg. "living wills" and "do not resusctitate" orders) (I) compared with no such directives (C), improve outcome (eg. appropriate resuscitation efforts) (O)?" |
| BLS-032A | "In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific placement of hands for external chest compressions (I) compared with standard care (eg. "placement of the rescuer's hands in the middle of the chest") (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)" |
| BLS-032B | "In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific placement of hands for external chest compressions (I) compared with standard care (eg. "placement of the rescuerÕs hands in the middle of the chest") (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)" |
| BLS-017C | "In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of alternative methods of manual CPR (eg. cough CPR, precordial thump, fist-pacing) (I) compared with standard CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)?" |
| ALS-SC-072A | "In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P) due to non-cardiac aetiology (eg. hemmorhagic shock, hypovolemic shock, septic shock, neurogenic shock) (P), does use of aetiology specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)?" |
| Peds-014 | "In pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) does the use of rapid deployment ECMO or emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (I), compared with standard treatment (C), improve outcome (ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcomes) (O)?" |
| BLS-033A | "In rescuers performing CPR on adult or paediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific method for locating recommended hand position (I) compared with standard care (eg. "placement of the rescuerÕs hands in the middle of the chest") (C), improve outcome (eg. time to commence CPR, decreased hands off time, ROSC, survival) (O)" |
| EIT-032 | (P)In adult patients receiving chest compressions I - is there a method to teach chest compressions(C) compared with current teaching |
| NRP-008A | Among neonates (<=28 days) with a HR < 60 bpm despite adequate ventilation and chest compressions, does the IV route compared with the ET route of epinephrine administration: 1. Increase heart rate >100 bpm faster,2. Increase ROSC, or 3. Increase survival to discharge? |
| NRP-009A | Among neonates (<=28 days) with HR < 60 bpm does HDE (IV > 0.03 mg/kg or ET >0.1 mg/kg) compared with SDE:1. Increase HR > 100 bpm faster2. Increase ROSC, or 3. Increase survival to discharge? |
| EIT-031A | Does the use of a checklist during adult and paediatric advanced life support as opposed to no checklist improve outcomes (eg compliance with guidelines, other outcomes)? |
| Peds-003 | During cardiac arrest in infants or children (P), does the presence of family members during the resuscitation (I) compared to their absence (C) improve patient or family outcome measures (O)? |
| EIT-003A | For adult (in any setting (P), is there a clinical decision rule (I) that enables reliable prediction of ROSC (or futile resuscitation efforts)? (DIAGNOSIS) |
| ALS-SC-078A | For avalanche victims in out of hospital cardiac arrest (P), what factors when present (I), compared with when absent (C), are associated with/predict an increased survival to hospital discharge (O)? |
| EIT-029A | For BLS providers (lay or HCP) (P), does a longer-duration instructor-based course (I), compared with a shorter course (C), improve skill acquisition and retention (O)? |
| NRP-033A | For hospital resuscitation teams (P), do team briefings/debriefings (I), when compared to no briefings/debriefings (C), improve team performance (O)? (INTERVENTION) |
| Peds-056A | For infants and children in cardiac arrest with pulmonary hypertension (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), do any specific modifications to resuscitation techniques (I) compared with standard resuscitation techniques (C), improve outcome (ROSC, survival to discharge, favorable neurologic survival) (O)? |
| Peds-002A | For infants and children in cardiac arrest, does the use of a pulse check (I) vs. assessment for signs of life (C) improve the accuracy of diagnosis of pediatric CPA (O)? |
| Peds-010A | For infants and children who have ROSC after cardiac arrest (P), does the use of induced hypothermia (I) compared with normothermia (C) improve outcome (survival to discharge, survival with good neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-057A | For infants and children who require endotracheal intubation (prehospital or in hospital) (P) does the use of a specific formula to guide cuffed endotracheal tube size (I), as opposed to the use of the existing formula of 3 + age/4 (C), achieve better outcomes (eg. successful tube placement) (O)? |
| Peds-055A | For infants and children with Fontan or hemi-Fontan circulation who require resuscitation from cardiac arrest or pre-arrest states (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does any specific modification to standard practice (I) compared with standard resuscitation practice (C) improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival to discharge, survival with good neurologic outcome(O)? |
| Peds-059A | For infants and children with single ventricle, s/p stage I repair who require resuscitation from cardiac arrest or pre-arrest states (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does any specific modification to standard practice (I) compared with standard resuscitation practice (C) improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival to discharge, survival with good neurologic outcome)(O)? |
| NRP-010A | For infants delivered at >=34 weeks gestation (P), is delivery by elective c-section under regional anesthesia (I) in comparison with unassisted vertex vaginal deliveries (C) associated with an increased risk of requirement for intubation during resuscitation (O)? |
| Peds-026A | For intubated newborns within the first month of life (beyond the delivery room ) who are receiving chest compressions (P), does the use of continuous chest compressions (without pause for ventilation) (I) vs. chest compressions with interruptions for ventilation (C) improve outcome (time to sustained heart rate >100, survival to ICU admission, survival to discharge, survival with favorable neurologic status) (O)? |
| EIT-030B | For lay and HCP (P) does the use of assessment (I) as opposed to no such assessment (C) improve knowledge, skills and learning/retention (O)? |
| EIT-030A | For lay and HCP (P) does the use of assessment (I) as opposed to no such assessment (C) improve knowledge, skills and learning/retention(O)? |
| EIT-002B | For LAY PROVIDERS and HCPs(P), does the use of specific instructional methods (video/computer self instructions) (I), when compared with traditional instructor-led courses (C) improve skill acquisition and retention (O)? (INTERVENTION) |
| EIT-002A | For LAY PROVIDERS and HCPs(P), does the use of specific instructional methods (video/computer self instructions) (I), when compared with traditional instructor-led courses (C) improve skill acquisition and retention (O)? (INTERVENTION) |
| NRP-016A | For neonates (P) following attempted endotracheal intubation, is CO2 detection (I) superior to clinical assessment (C) for confirming endotracheal location (O)? |
| NRP-017A | For neonates requiring positive pressure ventilation (P), is LMA (I) an effective alternative to mask or endotracheal ventilation (C) for improving outcome (O)? (achieving stable vital signs and reducing the need for subsequent endotracheal intubation)? |
| NRP-001A | For neonates requiring resuscitation (P), is any adjuct measure (e.g.CO2 detection, pulse oximeter) as effective as the usual clinical findings (e.g., heart rate, chest movement) effective to improve outcome (O)? |
| Peds-027A | For newborns within the first month of life (beyond the delivery room) who are not intubated and who are receiving CPR (P), does the use of a 3:1 compression to ventilation ratio (I), compared with a 15:2 compression to ventilation ratio (C) improve outcome (time to sustained heart rate >100, survival to ICU admission, survival to discharge, discharge with favorable neurologic status) (O)? |
| NRP-018A | For non intubated bradycardic neonates (P) requiring positive pressure ventilation, is the CO2 monitoring device (I) more effective than chest rise, color (C) for assessing adequate ventilation (O)? |
| NRP-018C | For non intubated bradycardic neonates (P) requiring positive pressure ventilation, is the CO2 monitoring device (I) more effective than chest rise, color (C) for assessing adequate ventilation (O)? |
| Peds-060 | For pediatric patients (in any setting (P), is there a clinical decision rule (I) that enables reliable prediction of ROSC (or futile resuscitation efforts)? (PROGNOSIS) |
| EIT-023A | For resuscitation systems (pre-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of a performance measurement systems (eg Utstein) improve and/or allow for comparison of system outcomes (patient level and system level variables) (O)? |
| EIT-001A | For resuscitation teams (P), do briefings/debriefings (I), when compared to no briefings/debriefings (C), improve performance or outcomes (O)? (INTERVENTION) |
| EIT-004A | For students of advanced level resuscitation courses (such as ACLS and PALS) (P), does success in the written examination (I) when compared with lack of success (C), predict success in completing the practical skills testing associatedÊwith the course or in resuscitation management performance in actualÊor simulated resuscitation events (O)? (PROGNOSIS) |
| NRP-021A | In neonates requiring resuscitation and not responding to CPR (P), does the administration of sodium bicarbonate (I) versus no bicarbonate (C) improve outcome (O)? |
| ALS-PA-042A | In adult and pediatric organ recipients (P), does the use of organs from donors brain dead after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (I) as opposed to the use of donors brain dead not due to cardiac arrest (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. transplant success? |
| ALS-E-035A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) requiring defibrillation, does the presence of supplementary oxygen in the immediate vicinity (I) compared with no supplementary oxygen (C), increase the risk of fire with defibrillation attempts (O). |
| BLS-017A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of alternative methods of manual CPR (eg. cough CPR, precordial thump, fist-pacing) (I) compared with standard CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| BLS-023A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of another specific C:V ratio (I) compared with standard care (30:2) (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| BLS-026A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of compressions first (30:2) (I) compared with standard care (2:30) (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| BLS-020A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of feedback regarding the mechanics of CPR quality (e.g. rate and depth of compressions and/or ventilations) (I) compared with no feedback (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-009A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of passive oxygen delivery during CPR (I) compared with oxygen delivery by positive pressure ventilation (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-CPR&A-010A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) and who have advanced airways in place (P), does the use of automatic ventilators (I) compared with manual ventilation (C), improve outcome (eg. ventilation, oxygenation, reduce hands-off time, allow for continuous compressions and/or improves survival) (O)?. |
| BLS-052A | In adult and pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) who are NOT endotracheally intubated (P), does providing ventilation with a 1 second inspiratory time and tidal volume of about 600 mL (I), compared with other inspiratory times and tidal volume (C), improve any outcomes (including ventilation, oxygenation) (O)? |
| ALS-PA-041A | In adult and pediatric patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of the bedside neurological exam (I) as opposed to standard care (C), allow accurate prediction of outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| BLS-008A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the interruption of CPR to check circulation (I) as opposed to no interruption of CPR (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-006A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does any specific compression depth (I) as opposed to standard care (ie. depth specified in treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-011A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the provision of airway maneuvers by bystanders (I) as opposed to no such maneuvers (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-010A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the provision of dispatch CPR instructions (I) as opposed to no instructions (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-009A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) and receiving chest compression only CPR (P), does the addition of any passive ventilation technique (eg positioning the body, opening the airway, passive oxygen administration) (I) as opposed to no addition (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-007A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) and suspected major injury (P), does any different strategy regarding positioning (eg. leaving them in the position they are found) (I) as opposed to standard care (ie. positioning the victim on his or her back) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| Peds-018 | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA) (P), does the use of any specific alternative dosing regimen for epinephrine (I) compared with standard recommendations (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-020A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of vasopressin or vasopressin + epinephrine (I) compared with standard treatment recommendations (C), improve outcome (eg, ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, or survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| BLS-045A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does optimizing chest wall recoil (I) compared with standard care (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? In patients with CA (P), does optimizing chest wall recoil (I), improve survival (O)? |
| BLS-039A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the analysis of cardiac rhythm during chest compressions (I) compared with standard care (analysis of cardiac rhythm during pauses in chest compressions) (C), improve accuracy in the diagnosis of shockable rhythms (O)? |
| BLS-034A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific rate for external chest compressions (I) compared with standard care (ie. approximately 100/min) (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| BLS-044A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA]) (P), does the description of any specific symptoms to the dispatcher (I) compared with the absence of any specific description (C), improve accuracy of the diagnosis of cardiac arrest (O)? |
| BLS-022A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the minimization of hands off time after defibrillation for rhythm check (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-025A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the minimization of hands off time for rhythm analysis including frequency and duration of checks (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-024A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest due to VF (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of CPR before defibrillation (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-035A | In adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest while on a bed (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the performance of CPR on a hard surface like backboard or deflatable mattress (I) compared with performance of CPR on a regular mattress (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| BLS-013A | In adult and pediatric patients with foreign body airway obstruction (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the provision of abdominal thrusts, and/or back slaps, and/or chest thrusts, compared with no action (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. clearance of obstruction, ROSC, survival)? |
| BLS-004A | In adult and pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (including residential settings) (P), does implementation of a public access AED program (I) as opposed to traditional EMS response (C), improve successful outcomes (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| EIT-027A | In adult and pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (P), does transport to a specialist cardiac arrest centre (I) compared with no such diected transport (C), improve outcome (eg. survival) (O)? |
| BLS-003A | In adult and pediatric patients with presumed cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), are there any factors (eg. on clinical exam) (I) as opposed to standard care (C), that increase the likelihood of diagnosing cardiac arrest (as opposed to non-arrest conditions (eg post-seizure, hypoglycemia, intoxication) (O)? |
| BLS-050A | In adult and pediatric patients with presumed cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), are there any factors/characteristics (I) that increase the likelihood of differentiating between a sudden cardiac arrest (ie. VF) from other etiologies (eg drowning, acute airway obstruction) (O)? |
| ALS-D-025A | In adult cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of antiarrhythmic drugs (lidocaine, procainamide, amiodarone, bretylium, magnesium) or combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-029C | In adult cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of buffering agents alone or combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen) (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-029A | In adult cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of buffering agents alone or combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-026A | In adult cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of calcium alone or combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-028A | In adult cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of fibrinolytics alone or combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-027A | In adult cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of steroid or hormonal therapy (estrogen, progesterone, hydrocortisone, insulin, growth factor etc) alone or combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-SC-076A | In adult cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the treatment of electrolyte disturbances (eg. hypo or hyper kalemia, hypo or hyper magnesiemia, hypo and hyper calcemia) (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm, but without treatment of electrolyte disturbances) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-005B | In adult cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) with either a protected and unprotected airway (P), does the monitoring and control of ventilatory parameters (eg. minute ventilation and/or peak pressures) (I) as opposed to standard care (without ventilatory monitoring) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-012A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] (P), does the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilators (using a mask) (I) as opposed to standard care (with paramedics only) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-013B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) does provision of 10 breaths per minute after intubation (I), as opposed to any other ventilation rate (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-002A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) Ð does the use of rapid deployment ECMO, Aortic Balloon Pump or emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (I), compared with standard treatment (C), increase survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcomes (O)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-004A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) including traumatic arrest, does the use of open-chest CPR (I) compared with standard CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-016A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use intravenous fluids (I) compared with not using fluids (or standard resucitation (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-081A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of a ITD (I) compared with no ITD (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-083A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of a piston CPR device (eg. Thumper) (I) compared with manual CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS-D&P-015B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of a technique for prediction of the likelihood of success of defibrillation (analysis of VF, etc) (I) compared with standard resuscitation (without such prediction) (C), improve outcomes (eg. successful defibrillation, ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-079A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of an a supraglottic airway device (I) vs an endotracheal tube (I), improve any outcomes (O). |
| ALS-E-034B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of an AED or a multifunctional defib in automatic mode (I) compared with standard resucitation (using manual defibrillation) (C), improve outcomes (eg. successful defibrillation, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS-E-032A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of an escalating defibrillation energy protocol (I) when compared with a fixed energy protocol (C) increase outcome (eg. return of spontaneous circulation) (O)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-011A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of an FIO2 titrated to oxygenation during cardiac arrest (I) compared with the use of 100% oxygen (C), improve outcome (eg. ROSC, neurologically intact survival) (O)? |
| ALS-E-036A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific composition of conductive material (I) compared with standard conductive material (C), improve transthoracic impedance (O). |
| ALS-E-030A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific paddle/pad size/orientation and position (I) compared with standard resucitation or other specific paddle/pad size/orientation and position) (C), improve outcomes (eg. successful defibrillation, ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-CPR&A-008A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of devices (eg. CO2 detection device, CO2 analyzer or esophageal detector device) (I) compared with usual management (C), improve the accuracy of diagnosis of airway placement (O)? |
| ALS-D&P-014A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of end-tidal CO2 (e.g. absolute CO2 values or changes in waveform) (I) compared with not using ETCO2 (C), accurately predict outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-082A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of Interposed abdominal compressions-CPR (I) compared with standard CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-086A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of load distributing band (eg.Autopulse) (I) compared with manual CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-084A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of manual ACD-CPR (I) compared with standard CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-085A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of mechanical compression full (eg.Lucas) or partial decompression (eg. US version) (I) compared with manual CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-080B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of oropharyngeal airway or nasopharyngeal airway adjuncts (I) compared with no airway adjuncts (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ventilation, oxygenation) (O). |
| ALS-E-031 | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of pacing (eg. TV, TC, needle) (I) compared with standard resucitation (or no pacing) (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-CPR&A-001A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of physiological feedback regarding CPR quality (e.g. End-tidal CO2 monitoring) (I) compared with no feedback (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS-E-037A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of self-adhesive defibrillation pads (I) compared with paddles (C), improve outcomes (eg. successful defibrillation, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS/BLS-CPR&A-088A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of supraglottic devices (I) compared with bag-valve-mask alone for airway mangement (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ventilation, oxygenation, reduce hands-off time, allow for continuous compressions and/or improves survival) (O). |
| ALS-CPR&A-006A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of thoracic impedence (I) compared with usual management (C), improve the accuracy of diagnosis of airway placement and adequacy of ventilation (O). |
| ALS-CPR&A-007B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) requiring ventilation and intubation (P), does the application and maintenance of cricoid pressure (I), compared to no cricoid pressure (C), reduce the incidence of aspiration (O) |
| ALS-SC-072A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P) due to non-cardiac aetiology (eg. hemmorhagic shock, hypovolemic shock, septic shock, neurogenic shock) (P), does use of aetiology specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-071B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P) due to pulmonary embolus (P), does use of aetiology specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SAM-062A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does an alternate timing for advanced airway insertion (eg. early or delayed) (I) as opposed to standard care (standard position in algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SAM-063A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does an alternate timing for drug delivery (eg. early or delayed) (I) as opposed to standard care (standard position in algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SAM-064A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), initially with a non-shockable rhythm but who develop a shockable rhythm (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does any specific alteration in treatment algorithm (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-01A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to local anaesthetic toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-070B | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to a cardiac tamponade (P), does use of specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-02A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Benzodiazepine toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-03A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Beta blockers toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-04A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Calcium channel blockers toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-05A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Carbon monoxide toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-06A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Cocaine toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-07A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Cyanide toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-08A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Cyclic antidepressants toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-09A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Digoxin/etc toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-073-10A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) due to Opioids toxicity (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-077A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital) (P), does the performance of ALS procedures by experienced physicians (I) as opposed to standard care (without physiacians) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-075A | In adult cardiac arrest (prehospital) and accidental hypothermia (P), does the modification of treatment (eg. frequency of chest compressions & ventilation, drug interventions, speed and targets of rewarming, etc) (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-066A | In adult cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis (P), does any modification of treatment (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-067B | In adult cardiac arrest due to asthma (P), does any modification of treatment (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-E-033A | In adult cardiac arrest due to VF or pulseless VT (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific defibrillation strategy (I) compared with standard management (or other defibrillation strategy) (C), improve outcomes (eg. termination of rhythm, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS-SC-068B | In adult cardiac arrest during PCI (P), does use of any specific intervention (I) as opposed to standard care (acc to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome |
| ALS-SC-068C | In adult cardiac arrest during PCI (P), does use of any specific intervention (I) as opposed to standard care (acc to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome. |
| ALS-SC-069A | In adult cardiac arrest following open (including heart and lung transplantations) and closed heart surgery (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-CPR&A-003B | In adult in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of ultrasound (including transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography) during cardiac arrest (I) compared with standard CPR (C), improve any outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-PA-056B | In adult patients (prehospital and in-hospital) with ROSC after cardiac arrest (P), does early hemodynamic optimization (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-049A | In adult patients (prehospital or in-hospital) who are comatose after cardiac arrest (P) does treatment of pyrexia (I) compared to no temperature intervention (C ) improve outcome (eg. survival). |
| EIT-024A | In adult patients admitted to hospital (P), does use of EWSS/response teams/MET systems (I) compared with no such responses (C), improve outcome (eg. reduce cardiac and respiratory arrests) (O)? |
| ALS-E-038A | In adult patients in a shockable non-arrest rhythm requiring cardioversion (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the any specific cardioversion strategy (I) compared with standard management (or other cardioversion strategy) (C), improve outcomes (eg. termination of rhythm) (O). |
| ALS-D-017A | In adult patients in atrial fibrillation (prehospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. reversion rates) (O). |
| ALS-D-024A | In adult patients in cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of atropine or atropine in combination with other drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| ALS-D-023B | In adult patients in cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless VT and VF) (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of vasopressors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, others) or combination of vasopressors (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, survival) (O). |
| BLS-053A | In adult patients in cardiac arrest (P), how frequently should chest compressions be paused to re-diagnose accurately the cardiac rhythm (I) to provide the best outcomes (eg ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| ALS-D-019A | In adult patients in monomorphic (wide complex) tachycardia (prehospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. reversion rates) (O). |
| ALS-D-018A | In adult patients in narrow complex tachycardia (prehospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. reversion rates) (O). |
| ALS-D-020B | In adult patients in polymorphic (wide complex) tachycardia (prehospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. reversion rates) (O). |
| ALS-D-022A | In adult patients in significant bradycardia (prehospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. reversion rates) (O). |
| ALS-D-021A | In adult patients in Torsades de Pointes (prehospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I) compared with not using drugs (or a standard drug regimen)Ê (C), improve outcomes (eg. reversion rates) (O). |
| BLS-049A | In adult patients suffering from a cardiac arrest (P) does provision of chest compressions (without ventilation) by EMS (I) compared with chest compressions plus ventilations (C) improve survival to hospital discharge (O)? |
| BLS-046A | In adult patients suffering from a cardiac arrest (P) does the calling of EMS and the provision of chest compressions (without ventilation) by untrained laypersons, trained laypersons, or professionals (I) compared with calling EMS only (C) improve survival to hospital discharge (O)? |
| BLS-047A | In adult patients suffering from a cardiac arrest (P) does the provision of chest compressions (without ventilation) from bystanders, both trained and untrained, (I) compared with chest compressions plus mouth-to-mouth breathing (C) improve survival to hospital discharge (O)? |
| ALS-PA-052A | In adult patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of biochemical markers (I) as opposed to standard care (C), allow accurate prediction of outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-059A | In adult patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of imaging studies (I) as opposed to standard care (C), allow accurate prediction of outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-051A | In adult patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of neurological electrophysiological studies (I) as opposed to standard care (C), allow accurate prediction of outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-E-039B | In adult patients with an ICD or pacemaker and who are in a shockable rhythm requiring defibrillation/cardioversion (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the any unique or modified cardioversion/defibrillation strategy (I) compared with standard management (C), improve outcomes (eg. termination of rhythm, ROSC) (O). |
| ALS-PA-044A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does therapeutic hypothermia (I) compared with usual care (C), improve morbidity or mortality (O)? |
| ALS-PA-057A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) who have cardiovascular dysfunction (P), does the use of any specific cardioactive drugs (I) as opposed to standard care (or different cardioactive drugs) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-043A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) who have cardiovascular dysfunction (P), does the use of intravenous fluids (I) as opposed to standard care (or other intravenous fluids) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-060A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) who have cardiovascular dysfunction (P), does the use of mechanical circulatory support (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-046A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P) diagnosed as pulmonary embolism, does the use of early fibrinolytic therapy (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-061A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of a controlled oxygenation strategy (including specific oxygenation goal) (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-054A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of a haemofiltration (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-045A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of a specific strategy to manage blood glucose (eg. target range) (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-053B | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of a specific ventilation strategy (including specific CO2 goal) (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-047A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of comprehensive treatment protocol (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-055A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of neuroprotective drugs (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-058A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drugs (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-050A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of seizure prophylaxis or effective seizure control (I) as opposed to standard care (no prophylaxis or ineffective seizure control)(C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| ALS-PA-048A | In adult patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does treatment with corticosteroids (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| BLS-051A | In adults and pediatric patients who are NOT in cardiac arrest (P), how often does provision of chest compressions from lay rescuers (I), lead to harm (eg rib fracture) (O)? |
| EIT-015A | In AED programs (P), what specific factors when included (eg. linkage to 911 registries, location of program [including home]) (I) compared with not included (C) predict an effective outcome for the program (O)? |
| EIT-011A | In ALS and PALS providers (P), are any specific intervals for update/retraining (I) compared with standard pracitice (ie. 12 or 24 monthly) (C) that increase outcomes (eg. skill aquisition and retention) (O)? |
| EIT-017A | In ALS providers undergoing ALS courses (P), does the inclusion of specific leadership/team training (I), as opposed to no such specific training (C), improve outcomes (eg. performance during cardiac arrests) (O)? |
| EIT-018A | In ALS providers undergoing ALS courses (P), does the inclusion of specific pre-course preparation (eg. e-learning and pre-testing) (I), as opposed to no such preparation (C), improve outcomes (eg. same skill assessment, but with less face to face (instuctor) hands on training) (O)? |
| EIT-009A | In ALS/ PALS providers (P), are there any specific training interventions (eg. duration of session, interactive computer programmes/e-learning, video self-instruction etc) (I) compared with traditional lecture/practice sessions (C) that increase outcomes (eg. skill aquisition and retention) (O)? |
| NRP-022A | In apneic neonates suspected of narcotic depression (P), does naloxone (I) when compared to effective ventilation without naloxone (C) improve outcome (O)? |
| EIT-007A | In apparently healthy children and young adults (P), dose the presence of any warning signs available to the lay person or health care professional (e.g. syncope, family history) (I), as opposed to their absence (C), predict an increased risk of sudden death (O)? (Exclude screening in sportsmen and patients with known ischaemic heart disease) |
| EIT-010A | In BLS providers (lay and HCP) (P), are any specific intervals for update/retraining (I) compared with standard practice (ie. 12 or 24 monthly) (C) that increase outcomes (eg. skill acquisition and retention) (O)? |
| EIT-013A | In BLS providers (lay or HCP) requiring AED training (P), are there any specific training interventions (I) compared with traditional lecture/practice sessions (C) that increase outcomes (eg. skill aquisition and retention, actual AED use, etc.) (O)? |
| EIT-008A | In bystanders (lay or HCP) (P), are there any specific factors (I) compared with standard interventions (C) that increase outcomes (eg. willingness to provide or the actual performance of CPR (standard or chest compression only) on adult or pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA]) (O)? |
| EIT-006A | In cardiac arrest patients (inhospital and prehospital) [P] does resuscitation [I] produce a good Quality of Life (QoL) for survivors after discharge from the hospital. [O]? Prognosis |
| Peds-041A | In children and infants with cardiac arrest due to major (blunt or penetrating) injury (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any specific modifications to standard resuscitation (I) compared with standard resuscitation (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? eg. open vs closed chest CPR, other examples |
| Peds-008 | In children requiring assisted ventilation (prehospital, in-hospital) (P), does the use of bag-valve-mask (I) compared with endotracheal intubation (C) improve therapeutic endpoints (oxygenation and ventilation), reduce morbidity or risk of complications (eg, aspiration), or improve survival (O)? |
| Peds-007 | In children requiring emergent intubation (prehospital, in-hospital) (P), does the use of cuffed ETTs (I) compared with uncuffed ETTs (C) improve therapeutic endpoints (eg, oxygenation and ventilation) or reduce morbidity or risk of complications (eg, need for tube change, airway injury, aspiration) (O)? |
| EIT-022A | In communities where processes/guidelines are being implemented (P), does the use of any specific factors (I), compared with no such use (C), improve outcomes (eg. success of implementation) (O)? |
| NRP-012A | In depressed neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (P), does endotracheal suctioning (I) versus no suctioning (C) improve outcome (O)? |
| NRP-028A | In depressed neonates requiring positive pressure ventilation (P) does the admininistration of longer inspiratory times, higher inflation pressures, use of PEEP (I) as compared to standard management (C) improve outcome (O)? |
| NRP-011A | In depressed neonates with clear amniotic fluid (P) does suctioning of the mouth and nose(I) versus none(C) improve outcome(O) |
| EIT-025B | In hospital in-patients (adult) (P), does the presence of any specific factors (I) compared with no such factors (C), predict occurrence of cardiac arrest (or other outcome) (O)? |
| EIT-026A | In hospital staff (P), does the use of any specific educational stategies (I) compare with no such strategies (C) improve outcomes (eg. early recognition and rescue of the deteriorating patient (at risk of cardiac /respiratory arrest)) (O)? |
| Peds-001A | In infants (< 1 year, not including newly born) in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of AEDs (I) compared with standard management (which does not include use of AEDs) (C), improve outcomes (eg. termination of rhythm, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-012A | In infants and children (not including newborns) with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of compression-only CPR (I) as opposed to standard CPR (ventilations and compressions) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg, ROSC, survival)? |
| Peds-040A | In infants and children in cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does any specific compression depth (I) as opposed to standard care (ie. depth specified in treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. Blood pressure, ROSC, survival)? Note: BLS is doing their own worksheet. |
| Peds-029 | In infants and children in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific paddle/pad size/orientation and position (I) compared with standard resuscitation or other specific paddle/pad size/orientation and position) (C), improve outcomes (eg. successful defibrillation, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-043A | In infants and children in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of self-adhesive defibrillation pads (I) compared with paddles (C), improve outcomes (eg. successful defibrillation, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-038A | In infants and children in shock, does early intubation and assisted ventilation compared to the use of these interventions only for associated respiratory failure lead to improved patient outcome (hemodynamics, survival?) |
| Peds-048A | In infants and children who are undergoing resuscitation from cardiac arrest (P), does consideration of a channelopathy as the etiology of the arrest (I), as compared with standard management (C), improve outcome (ROSC, survival to discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-050A | In infants and children with acute illness or injury (P), do specific diagnostic tests (laboratory data [mixed venous oxygen saturation, pH, lactate], (I) as opposed to clinical data (vital signs, capillary refill, mental status, end-organ function [urine output]) (C), increase the accuracy of diagnosis of shock (O)? |
| Peds-044A | In infants and children with any type of shock (P), does the use of any specific resuscitation fluid or combination of fluids [eg: isotonic crystalloid, colloid, hypertonic saline, blood products] (I) when compared with standard care (C) improve patient outcome (hemodynamics, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-052A | In infants and children with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) or symptomatic bradycardia (P), does the use of atropine (I) compared with standard care without atropine, improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| Peds-035 | In infants and children with cardiac arrest (P), does establishing intraosseous access (I) compared to establishing conventional (non-intraosseous) venous access (C) improve patient outcome (eg. ROSC, survival to hospital discharge (O)? |
| Peds-036 | In infants and children with cardiac arrest (P), does the use of tracheal drug delivery (I) compared to intravenous drug delivery (C) worsen patient outcome (eg. ROSC, survival to hospital discharge (O)? |
| Peds-011A | In infants and children with cardiac arrest from a non-asphyxial or asphyxial cause (excluding newborns) (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of another specific C:V ratio by lay rescuers and health care providers (I) compared with standard care (15:2) (C), improve outcome (eg, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-011B | In infants and children with cardiac arrest from a non-asphyxial or asphyxial cause (excluding newborns) (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of another specific C:V ratio by laypersons and HCPs (I) compared with standard care (15:2) (C), improve outcome (eg, ROSC, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-046A | In infants and children with cardiogenic shock (P), does the use of any specific inotropic agent (I) when compared with standard care (C), improve patient outcome (hemodynamics, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-045A | In infants and children with distributive shock with and without myocardial dysfunction (P), does the use of any specific inotropic agent (I) when compared to standard care (C), improve patient outcome (hemodynamics, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-032 | In infants and children with hemorrhagic shock following trauma (P), does the use of graded volume resuscitation (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (hemodynamics, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-049A | In infants and children with hypotensive septic shock (P), does the use of corticosteroids in addition to standard care (I) when compare with standard care without the use of corticosteroids (C), improve patient outcome (eg. Hemodynamics or survival) (O)? |
| Peds-047A | In infants and children with hypotensive septic shock (P), does the use of etomidate as an induction agent to facilitate intubation (I) compared with a standard technique without etomidate (C) improve patient outcome (hemodynamics, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-039A | In infants and children with respiratory failure who require emergent endotracheal intubation (P), does the use of cricoid pressure or laryngeal manipulation (I), when compared with standard practice (C), improve or worsen outcome (eg. success of intubation, aspiration risk, side effects, etc) (O )? |
| Peds-004 | In infants and children with respiratory failure who undergo endotracheal intubation (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of devices (eg. CO2 detection device, CO2 analyzer or esophageal detector device) (I) compared with usual management (C), improve the accuracy of diagnosis of airway placement (O)? |
| Peds-016A | In infants and children with ROSC after cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does the use of a specific strategy to manage blood glucose (eg. target range) (I) as opposed to standard care (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. survival)? |
| Peds-031 | In infants and children with supraventricular tachycardia with a pulse (P), does the use of any drug or combination of drugs (I), compared with adenosine (C), result in improved outcomes (termination of rhythm, survival)? |
| Peds-030 | In infants and children with unstable ventricular tachycardia (pre-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of any drug/ combination of drugs/ intervention (eg. cardioversion) (I) compared with no drugs/ intervention (C) improve outcome (eg, termination of rhythm, survival) (O)? |
| Peds-034 | In infants with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of two-thumb chest compression without circumferential squeeze (I) compared to two-thumb chest compression with circumferential squeeze (C) improve outcome (eg. ROSC, rescuer performance (O)? |
| EIT-012A | In lay providers requiring BLS training (P), does focusing training on high risk populations (I) compared with no such targeting (C) increase outcomes (eg. bystander CPR, survival etc.) (O)? |
| EIT-005A | In laypersons and HCPs performing CPR, does the use of CPR feedback devices when compared to no device improves CPR skill acquisition, retention, and real life performance? (INTERVENTION) |
| ALS-SC-074B | In morbidly obese adult patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P) (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| ALS-SC-074A | In morbidly obese adult patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), does use of any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| NRP-003B | In neonates receiving respiratory support (P) does the use of face mask interface (I) versus CPAP, NPCPAP, NC (C) (excluding intubation) improve outcome (O)? |
| NRP-030A | In neonates (P), does delayed cord clamping cord or milking of the cord (I) versus standard management (C), improve outcome (O) |
| NRP-030C | In neonates (P), does delayed cord clamping cord or milking of the cord (I) versus standard management (C), improve outcome (O) (milking of the cord) |
| NRP-030D | In neonates (P), does delayed cord clamping cord or milking of the cord (I) versus standard management (C), improve outcome (O)? |
| NRP-027A | In neonates at the limits of viability or anomalies associated with lethal outcomes (P) does the non initiation (I) versus initiation (C) of resuscitation result in an outcome that is ethically justified (O) |
| NRP-031B | In neonates born to febrile mothers (P) does intervention to normalize temperature (I), compared to standard care (C) improve outcome(O) |
| NRP-031A | In neonates born to febrile mothers (P) does intervention to normalize temperature (I), compared to standard care (C) improve outcome(O)? |
| NRP-005C | In neonates neonates receiving positive pressure ventilation (P) does the use of gas volume monitoring (I) versus clinical assessment with or without pressure monitoring (C) improve clinical outcome (O)? |
| NRP-006B | In neonates receiving chest compressions(P) do other ratios (5:1,15:2) (I) versus a 3:1 (C) improve outcomes (O)? |
| NRP-006A | In neonates receiving chest compressions(P) do other ratios (5:1,15:2)(I)versus a 3:1 (C) improve outcomes (O)? |
| NRP-005A | In neonates receiving positive pressure ventilation (P) does the use of gas volume monitoring (I) versus clinical assessment with or without pressure monitoring (C) improve clinical outcome (O)? |
| NRP-014A | In neonates receiving resucitation or stabilization (P), is the saturation demonstrated during normal birth (I) preferable to some other target (C), when considering outcome for premature and term neonates (O)? |
| NRP-004A | In neonates receiving resuscitation (P) does the use of mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask, mouth tube to mask (I) as compared to a self-inflating bag (C) give equivalent outcomes (stable spontaneous breathing) (O), when devices for delivering PPV are not available? |
| NRP-029A | In neonates requiring resuscitation and unresponsive to chest compressions/epinephrine (P) does the administration of volume (I) versus no volume (C) improve outcome (O) |
| NRP-019A | In neonates requiring resuscitation, (P) will the early use of supplemental glucose (I) during and/or following delivery room resuscitation, versus none (C) improve outcome (i.e. avoidance of hypoglycemia, reduced longterm neurologic morbidity) (O)? |
| NRP-020A | In neonates requiring resuscitation, does the administration of emergency medications (P) by intra-osseous infusion (I) versus the intravenous route improve outcome (O)? |
| NRP-007A | In neonates(P) receiving chest compressions does the two thumb(I) versus two finger(C) method of administration improve outcome(O)? |
| NRP-015A | In neonates(P) receiving positive pressure during resuscitation, is positive pressure ventilation by T-piece resuscitator (I) superior to bag ventilation (C) for improving outcome - specify (O)? |
| NRP-003A | In neonatess receiving respiratory support (P) does the use of face mask interface (I) versus CPAP, NPCPAP, NC (C)(excluding intubation improve outcome) (O)? |
| EIT-020A | In participants undergoing ALS courses (P), does the use of random scheduling (introducing station cases in a random manner) (I), as opposed to block scheduling (grouping the agenda around specific station activities such as VF or bradycardias) (C), improve outcomes (eg. skills performance etc.) (O)? Other outcomes may need to be determined after review of the literature, include USE OF MODULAR COURSES |
| EIT-021A | In participants undergoing BLS/ALS courses (P), does end of course testing (I), as opposed to continuous assessment and feedback (C), improve outcomes (eg. improve learning/performance) (O)? |
| EIT-019A | In participants undergoing BLS/ALS courses (P), does the inclusion of more realistic techniques (eg. high fidelity manikins, in-situ training) (I), as opposed to standard training (eg. low fidelity, education centre) (C), improve outcomes (eg. skills performance on manikins, skills performance in real arrests, willingness to perform etc.) (O)? |
| NRP-032A | In participants undergoing resuscitation courses (P), does the inclusion of more realistic techniques (eg. high fidelity manikins, in-situ training) (I), as opposed to standard training (eg. low fidelity, education centre) (C), improve outcomes (eg. skills performance) (O) |
| ACS-002 | In patients with ACS (P) does the presence of any specific demographic factors (e.g. age, sex, race, weight) (I), compared with their absence (C), increase accuracy of prediction of delayed treatment (O)? |
| ACS-019A | In patients with non-ST elevation ACS/ STEMI and fibrinolysis/ suspected STEMI and PCI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of clopidogrel (I) compared with standard management (ie. no prehospital or ED use of clopidogrel) (C) or new tienopyridines, prasugrel)(I) compared to clopidogrel (C), improve outcome (eg. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-019B | In patients with non-ST elevation ACS/ STEMI and fibrinolysis/ suspected STEMI and PCI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of clopidogrel (I) compared with standard management (ie. no prehospital or ED use of clopidogrel) (C) or new tienopyridines, prasugrel)(I) compared to clopidogrel (C), improve outcome (eg. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-010A | In patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (P), does the routine use of PCI (I), compared with standard management (without PCI) (C), improve outcomes (e.g. TBD survival/re-arrest/etc) (O)? |
| ACS-018A | In patients with STEMI in the prehospital setting (P), does the use of prehospital fibrinolytics (I), compared with inhospital fibrinolytics (C), improve outcome (eg. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-009A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), do any specific techniques (I), improve ACS/MI system or process of care compared with standard management (C), to improve time to treatment and clinical outcome (O)? |
| ACS-003A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), does dispatcher guided administration of aspirin by bystanders before arrival of EMS (I), compared with later administration of aspirin by paramedic or emergency department staff (C), improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-004A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), does the presence of any specific factors (e.g. history, examination, ECG, and / or biomarkers) or combination into a specific clinical decision rule (I), compared with standard care (C), increase accuracy of prediction of prognosis (e.g. decision rule for early discharge) (O)? |
| ACS-005A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), does the use of chest pain observation units (I), compared with not using them (C), increase accuracy of to safely identify patients who require admission or specific management of CAD (O)? |
| ACS-008A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), does the use of computer-assisted ECG interpretation (I), compared with standard diagnostic techniques (emergency physicians) (C), increase accuracy of diagnosis (e.g. of NSTEMI/STEMI) (O)? |
| ACS-006-2A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), does the use of specific imaging techniques (e.g. CT angio/MRI/nuclear testing/ECHO) (I), compared with not using them (C), improve outcome (eg. size of infarct, LV function, survival) (O)? |
| ACS-006-1A | In patients with suspected ACS (P), does the use of specific imaging techniques (e.g. CT angio/MRI/nuclear testing/ECHO) (I), compared with not using them (C), increase accuracy of diagnosis (eg. of ACS) (O)? |
| ACS-007A | In patients with suspected ACS in the prehospital, emergency department or in-hospital settings (P), can non-physicians (e.g. paramedics and nurses) (I) accurately diagnose STEMI (O), when compared to physicians (C)? |
| ACS-014 | In patients with suspected ACS in various settings (eg. prehospital or emergency) (P), does the use of prehospital or emergency 12 lead ECG (I), compared with other diagnostic techniques (C), increase sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of ACS/MI (O)? |
| ACS-013A | In patients with suspected ACS in various settings (eg. prehospital, emergency or in-hospital) (P), do abnormal protein markers, compared with normal levels (C) allow the clinician to accurately diagnose acute coronary ischemia? (O)? |
| ACS-011A | In patients with suspected ACS in various settings (eg. prehospital, emergency or in-hospital) (P), do specific historical factors, physical examination findings and test results (I), compared with normal (C), increase the accuracy of diagnosis ACS and MI) (O)? |
| ACS-015A | In patients with suspected ACS in various settings (eg. prehospital, emergency or in-hospital) and normal oxygen saturations (P), does the use of supplemental oxygen (I), compared with room air (C), improve outcomes (eg. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-022A | In patients with suspected ACS/MI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of ACE inhibitors (I), compared with standard management (ie. no prehospital and emergency department use of ACE inhibitors) (C), improve outcome (eg. infarct size, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-023A | In patients with suspected ACS/MI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of beta-blockers (I), compared with standard management (ie. no prehospital and emergency department use of beta-blockers) (C), improve outcome (eg. arrhythmias, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-020A | In patients with suspected ACS/MI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of IIB IIIA Inhibitors (I), compared with standard management (C), improve outcome (eg. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-021A | In patients with suspected ACS/MI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of Prophylactic Antiarrhythmics (I), compared with standard management (ie. no Prophylactic Antiarrhythmics) (C), improve outcome (eg.arrhythmias, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-024A | In patients with suspected ACS/MI in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of statins (I), compared with standard management (ie. no prehospital and emergency department use of statins) (C), improve outcome (eg. infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-026A | In patients with suspected ACS/MI in prehospital setting (P), does the use of prehospital ECG and advance ED notification (I), compared with no prehospital ECG (C), improve outcome (eg. arrhythmias, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-029A | In patients with suspected ACS/STEMI in the ED and prehospital settings (P), does the use of analgesic and/or sedation, (including NSAIDs, opiates, and benzodiazepines) compared with no analgesia or sedation (C), improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-030A | In patients with suspected ACS/STEMI in the ED and prehospital settings (P), does the use of nitroglycerin (I), compared with no nitroglycerin (C), improve diagnosis of ACS/MI (O)? |
| ACS-030B | In patients with suspected ACS/STEMI in the ED and prehospital settings (P), does the use of nitroglycerin (I), compared with no nitroglycerin (C), improve diagnosis of ACS/MI (O)? |
| ACS-017-3-B | In patients with suspected non St-elevation ACS in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of new anticoagulants i.e. pentasaccharide, enoxaparin, bivalirudin (I), compared with standard management (unfractionated heparin or other anticoagulant) (C), improve outcome (e.g. mortality, reinfarction, bleeding) (O)? |
| ACS-017-3-A | In patients with suspected non St-elevation ACS in prehospital and emergency department settings (P), does the use of new anticoagulants i.e. pentasaccharide, enoxaparin, bivalirudin (I), compared with standard management (unfractionated heparin) (C), improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-017-2-B | In patients with suspected St-elevation myocardial infarction in the prehospital and emergency department setting (P) to be treated with primary PCI, does the use of new anticoagulants i.e. pentasaccharide, enoxaparin, bivalirudin (I), compared with standard management (unfractionated heparin or other anticogulant) (C), improve outcome (e.g. mortality, reinfarction, bleeding) (O)? |
| ACS-017-1-B | In patients with suspected St-elevation myocardial infarction in the prehospital and emergency department setting (P) treated with fibrinolysis, does the use of new anticoagulants i.e. pentasaccharide, enoxaparin, bivalirudin (I), compared with standard management (unfractionated heparin or other anticoagulant) (C), improve outcome (e.g. mortality, reinfarction, bleeding) (O)? |
| ACS-017-1-A | In patients with suspected St-elevation myocardial infarction in the prehospital and emergency department setting (P) treated with fibrinolysis, does the use of new anticoagulants i.e. pentasaccharide, enoxaparin, bivalirudin (I), compared with standard management (unfractionated heparin) (C), improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-017-2-A | In patients with suspected St-elevation myocardial infarction in the prehospital and emergency department setting(P) to be treated with primary PCI, does the use of new anticoagulants i.e. pentasaccharide, enoxaparin, bivalirudin (I), compared with standard management (unfractionated heparin) (C), improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-028A | In patients with suspected STEMI in the ED and prehospital settings (P), does the use of fibrinolytics and immediate PTCA (I), compared with immediate PTCA (C), improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-025A | In patients with suspected STEMI in the emergency department setting (P), does the use of PTCA (I), compared with fibrinlytic therapy (C), improve outcome (eg. arrhythmias, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 d mortality) (O)? |
| ACS-027A | In patients with suspected STEMI in the prehospital setting (P), does the use of direct transport to a centre for PTCA (I), compared with transportation to the closest hospital with any other reperfusion strategy (prehospital fibrinolysis, inhospital fibrinolysis, interhospital transfer for PTCA) (C) improve outcome (e.g. chest pain resolution, infarct size, ekg resolution, survival to discharge, 30/60 mortality) (O)? |
| Peds-014B | In pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) does the use of rapid deployment ECMO or emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (I), compared with standard treatment (C), improve outcome (ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcomes) (O)? |
| Peds-009 | In pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of supraglottic airway devices (I) compared with bag-valve-mask alone (C), improve therapeutic endpoints (eg, ventilation and oxygenation), improve quality of resuscitation (eg, reduce hands-off time, allow for continuous compressions), reduce morbidity or risk of complications (eg, aspiration) or improve survival (O)? |
| Peds-033 | In pediatric patients in cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA], in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of one hand chest compressions (I) compared with two hand chest compressions (C) improve outcomes (eg. ROSC, rescuer performance) (O)? |
| Peds-015 | In pediatric patients in cardiac arrest, associated with or without asphyxia (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P) does ventilation with a specific oxygen concentration (room air or a titrated concentration between 0.21 and 1.0) (I), compared with standard treatment (100% oxygen) (C), improve outcome (ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-006B | In pediatric patients in clinical cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of a focused echocardiogram (I) compared with standard assessment, assist in the diagnosis of reversible causes of cardiac arrest? |
| Peds-028 | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (including prolonged arrest states) (P), does the use of NaHCO3 (I) compared with no NaHCO3 (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| Peds-017B | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of any specific alternative method for calculating drug dosages (I) compared with standard weight-based dosing (C), improve outcome (eg, achieving expected drug effect, ROSC, survival, avoidance of toxicity) (O)? |
| Peds-021A | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of calcium (I) compared with no calcium (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome)? |
| Peds-019 | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) due to VF/pulseless VT (P), does the use of amiodarone (I) compared with lidocaine (C), improve outcome (eg, ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-005A | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of end-tidal CO2 (I), compared with clinical assessment (C), improve accuracy of diagnosis of a perfusing rhythm (O)? |
| Peds-058A | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of invasive monitoring (I) compared with clinical assessment (C), improve accuracy of diagnosis of a perfusing rhythm (O)? |
| Peds-013A | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) and a secure airway (P), does the use of a specific minute ventilation (combination of respiratory rate and tidal volume) depending on the aetiology of the arrest (I) as opposed to standard care (8-10 asynchronous breaths per minute) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| Peds-023A | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest due to primary or secondary VF or pulseless VT (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of a specific energy dose or regimen of energy doses for the initial or subsequent defibrillation attempt(s) (I), compared with standard management (C), improve outcome (eg. termination of rhythm, ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-022A | In pediatric patients with cardiac arrest due to primary or secondary VF or pulseless VT (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) (P), does the use of more than one shock for the initial or subsequent defibrillation attempt(s) (I), compared with standard management (C), improve outcome (eg. termination of rhythm, ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| Peds-025A | In pediatric patients with in-hospital cardiac or respiratory arrest (P), does use of EWSS/response teams/MET systems (I) compared with no such responses (C), improve outcome (eg, reduce rate of cardiac and respiratory arrests and in-hospital mortality) (O)? |
| Peds-024A | In pediatric patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest (pre-hospital [OHCA] or in-hospital [IHCA]) who have signs of cardiovascular dysfunction (P), does the use of any specific cardioactive drugs (I) as opposed to standard care (or different cardioactive drugs) (C), improve physiologic endpoints (oxygen delivery, hemodynamics) or patient outcome (eg, survival to discharge or survival with favorable neurologic outcome) (O)? |
| ALS-PA-040A | In post-cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia (P), can the same prognostication tools that are used in normothermic patients (I) reliably predict outcome (O)? |
| ALS-SC-065 | In pregnant patients with cardiac arrest (prehospital or in-hospital) (P), do any specific interventions (I) as opposed to standard care (according to treatment algorithm) (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. ROSC, survival)? |
| NRP-023A | In preterm neonates under radiant warmers (P), does increased room temperature, thermal mattress, or other intervention (I) as compared to plastic wraps alone (C) improve outcome (O)? |
| EIT-014A | In providers (lay or HCP)(P), does undertaking training/perform actual CPR or use of defibrillator (manual or AED) (I) compared with no such training/performance(C) increase harm (eg. infection or other adverse events)(O)? - include electrical safety of defibrillation |
| BLS-002A | In rescuers (P), does performing CPR on adult and pediatric patients with cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (I) as opposed to not performing CPR (ventilations and compressions) (C), increase the likelihood of harm (O) (eg.infection)? |
| BLS-012A | In rescuers performing CPR on adult or paediatric patients (out-of-hospital and in-hospital) (P), does the use of barrier devices (I) as opposed to no such use (C), improve outcome (O) (eg. lower infection risk)? |
| BLS-005A | In rescuers performing CPR on adult or paediatric patients (P), does compression only CPR (I) when compared with traditional CPR (C) result in an increase in adverse outcomes (eg. fatigue) (O)? |
| NRP-024A | In term neonates at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy secondary to intra-partum hypoxia (P) does selective /whole body cooling (I) versus standard therapy (C), result in improved outcome (O)? |
| NRP-026A | In term neonates with a heart rate < 60 and no other signs of life (P), is ten minutes (I) as opposed to 15 minutes or longer (C) of effective resuscitation a reliable measure of outcome (abnormal neurologic examination and/or death) (O)? |
| NRP-025A | In term neonates without a detectable heart rate and no other signs of life (P) is ten minutes (I) as opposed to 15 minutes or longer (C) of effective resuscitation a reliable measure of outcome (abnormal neurologic examination and/or death) (O)? |
| NRP-002A | In the neonates infant (preterm and term) receiving respiratory support (P), does the use of CPAP(I) versus no-CPAP or IPPV(C) improve outcome -specify (O)? |
| BLS-014B | What is the incidence, prevalence, etiology of cardiopulmonary arrest in-hospital and out-of-hospital? |
| EIT-028A | What resuscitation training interventions are practical, feasible and effective in low income countries? |
| NRP-013A | When resuscitating or stabilizing newborns at birth (P), is there an oxygen administration strategy (I) that is superior to any other (C) in improving outcome (O)? |